Mikroskop:20075/annot
[
{
"idx": "20075+",
"txt_cz": "0. Pl\u00edce - barven\u00ed orceinem",
"txt_en": "Lungs",
"desc_cz": "Pl\u00edce jsou p\u00e1rov\u00fd org\u00e1n tvo\u0159en\u00fd vlevo 2 laloky (lobuly) a vpravo 3 laloky. V plic\u00edch m\u016f\u017eeme identifikovat syst\u00e9m d\u00fdchac\u00edch cest a d\u00fdchac\u00ed odd\u00edl plic. Zde se budeme zab\u00fdvat d\u00fdchac\u00edcm odd\u00edlem plic.\n\nV\u00fdm\u011bna plyn\u016f mezi krv\u00ed a vzduchem prob\u00edh\u00e1 na alveolokapil\u00e1rn\u00ed membr\u00e1n\u011b, kter\u00e1 se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 z listu cytoplazmy respira\u010dn\u00edch pneumocyt\u016f, ze splynul\u00fdch baz\u00e1ln\u00edch membr\u00e1n respira\u010dn\u00edho epitelu a kapil\u00e1r a z cytoplazmatick\u00e9ho listu endotelov\u00fdch bun\u011bk.\n\nOrcein jako barv\u00edc\u00ed meroda demonstruje elastickou komponentu plic (elastick\u00e1 vl\u00e1kna, elastick\u00e9 membr\u00e1ny).",
"desc_en": "",
"insert_who": "Am\u00e1lie Rozenbaumov\u00e1",
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{
"idx": "20075+",
"txt_cz": "Ductus alveolaris et alveoli",
"txt_en": "Pulmonary alveolus",
"desc_cz": "P\u0159edstavuj\u00ed d\u00fdchac\u00ed odd\u00edl plic, kde prob\u00edh\u00e1 na hemorespira\u010dn\u00ed bari\u00e9\u0159e v\u00fdm\u011bna plyn\u016f mezi luminem alveol\u016f a erytrocyty v kapil\u00e1r\u00e1ch.\n\nAlveoly jsou vystl\u00e1ny p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b respira\u010dn\u00edmi pneumocyty (I. \u0159\u00e1du), p\u0159i inserci alveol\u00e1rn\u00edch sept le\u017e\u00ed sekre\u010dn\u00ed pneumocyty (II. \u0159\u00e1du). Stroma alveol\u00e1rn\u00edho septa je tvo\u0159eno \u0159\u00eddk\u00fdm kolagenn\u00edm vazivem s po\u010detn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi elastick\u00fdmi vl\u00e1kny (viz orcein).\n\nHemorespira\u010dn\u00ed bari\u00e9ru tvo\u0159\u00ed: surfaktant, cytoplazmatick\u00fd list respira\u010dn\u00edho pneumocytu, splynul\u00e1 BM respira\u010dn\u00edho epitelu a kapil\u00e1ry a cytoplazmatick\u00fd list endotelov\u00e9 bu\u0148ky.\n\nPlocha alveol\u016f \u010din\u00ed kolem 100 m \u010dtvere\u010dn\u00edch.",
"desc_en": "Alveolus filled with air and has one cell thick wall for better gas exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide",
"insert_who": "IvaG",
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{
"idx": "20075+",
"txt_cz": "Makrof\u00e1g = koniof\u00e1g",
"txt_en": "Macrophage = coniophage",
"desc_cz": "Koniof\u00e1gy jsou funkc\u00ed makrof\u00e1gu. P\u0159edstavuj\u00ed elementy odstra\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed prachov\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stice v d\u00fdchac\u00edm odd\u00edlu plic. Ty se vracej\u00ed na \u00farovni termin\u00e1ln\u00edch bronchiol\u016f do lymfatick\u00fdch kapil\u00e1r a jsou zachycov\u00e1ny v drobn\u00fdch lymfatick\u00fdch uzlin\u00e1ch.",
"desc_en": "Macrophage (coniophage) with dust particles inside . Macrophages are derived from monocytes and enter the lungs via the bloodstream. They play a very important role in engulfing and phagocytosis of foreign materials found in the lungs. This is very important in the immune response.",
"insert_who": "IvaG",
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{
"idx": "20075+",
"txt_cz": "Pleura visceralis",
"txt_en": "Visceral pleura",
"desc_cz": "Pleura vyst\u00fdl\u00e1 dutinu hrudn\u00ed a obaluje pl\u00edce. M\u00e1 dva listy. Pleura parietalis nal\u00e9h\u00e1 na st\u011bnu hrudn\u00ed a v oblasti hilu plic p\u0159ech\u00e1z\u00ed v pleuru visceralis, kter\u00e1 kryje pl\u00edce. Mezi ob\u011bma listy je tekutina sni\u017euj\u00edc\u00ed t\u0159en\u00ed a spolup\u016fsob\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159i negativn\u00edm nitrohrudn\u00edm tlaku. \n\nPleura je kryta ploch\u00fdmi mezotelov\u00fdmi bu\u0148kami.",
"desc_en": "Visceral pleura (inner leaflet of the thoracic cavity lining) is a serous membrane which adheres to the surface of the lungs and it is separated from the parietal pleura (external layer) by the pleural cavity (virtual). The pleural cavity contains small amount of pleural fluid which acts as a lubricant and allows the two layers to slide past one another. It is lined by flat mesothelial cells and underlying connective tissue which enables movement of lungs in the thoracic cavity.",
"insert_who": "IvaG",
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{
"idx": "20075+",
"txt_cz": "Respira\u010dn\u00ed pneumocyt",
"txt_en": "Respiratory pneumocyte",
"desc_cz": "Respira\u010dn\u00ed pneumocyt (pneumocyt I. \u0159\u00e1du) je extr\u00e9mn\u011b ploch\u00e1 (sou\u010d\u00e1st hemorespira\u010dn\u00ed bari\u00e9ry) bu\u0148ka s \u010do\u010dkovit\u00fdm j\u00e1drem.",
"desc_en": "Type I pneumocyte. Type I pneumocytes are extremely squamous cells and they are involved in the formation blood-air barrier.",
"insert_who": "IvaG",
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{
"idx": "20075+",
"txt_cz": "Sekre\u010dn\u00ed pneumocyt",
"txt_en": "Secretory pneumocyte",
"desc_cz": "Sekre\u010dn\u00ed pneumocyt (pneumocyt II. \u0159\u00e1du) je oproti respira\u010dn\u00edmu pneumocytu v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed, kubick\u00e9ho tvaru a v cytoplazm\u011b obsahuje granula lamel\u00e1rn\u00ed skladby odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed fosfolipoproteinov\u00e9ho komplexu surfaktantu.",
"desc_en": "Pneumocyte type II are responsible for synthesis of surfactant and it has cytosomes of lamellar structure inside . Surfactant is a lubricant fluid which reduces surface tension of water and prevents lungs from collapsing.",
"insert_who": "IvaG",
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{
"idx": "20075+",
"txt_cz": "Termin\u00e1ln\u00ed bronchiolus",
"txt_en": "Terminal bronchioles",
"desc_cz": "",
"desc_en": "Terminal bronchiole. It has a very small diameter, their mucosa is significantly reduced in thickness and it is lined with simple epithelium (from columnar to squamous towards the end before the alveolar ducts) which allows gas exchange. Terminal bronchioles are characterised by the presence of interspersed Clara cells in the epithelial lining only.",
"insert_who": "IvaG",
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