Mikroskop:20077/annot
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"txt_cz": "1. Folikul \u0161t\u00edtn\u00e9 \u017el\u00e1zy",
"txt_en": "Thyroid gland follicle",
"desc_cz": "Folikuly \u0161t\u00edtn\u00e9 \u017el\u00e1zy jsou kulovit\u00e9 nebo trubicovit\u00e9 \u00fatvary obklopen\u00e9 jednovrstevn\u00fdm kubick\u00fdm epitelem tvo\u0159en\u00fdm folikul\u00e1rn\u00edmi bu\u0148kami. Folikuly jsou na sebe t\u011bsn\u011b naskl\u00e1dan\u00e9, mezi nimi je jen mal\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed retikul\u00e1rn\u00edho vaziva s kapil\u00e1rami. V\u00fd\u0161ka epitelu m\u016f\u017ee kol\u00edsat v z\u00e1vislosti na funk\u010dn\u00edm stavu, u hypofunk\u010dn\u00ed \u017el\u00e1zy je epitel n\u00edzk\u00fd a\u017e ploch\u00fd, v hyperfunk\u010dn\u00ed vysok\u00fd a\u017e cylindrick\u00fd. Uvnit\u0159 folikulu se nach\u00e1z\u00ed koloid.",
"desc_en": "Thyroid follicles are spherical, ovoid or tube-like structures lined with simple cuboidal epithelium formed by follicular cells. The height of the epithelium may vary depending on the functional state . Epithelium is low to flat in a hypofunctional gland , and high to cylindrical in a hyperfunctional gland. There is colloid inside the follicles.",
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"txt_cz": "1.1. Koloid",
"txt_en": "Colloid",
"desc_cz": "Koloid je hust\u00e1 rosolovit\u00e1 eosinofiln\u00ed v\u00fdpl\u0148 folikul\u016f. Obsahuje vysokomolekul\u00e1rn\u00ed glykoprotein tyroglobulin, kter\u00fd je prekurzorem aktivn\u00edch hormon\u016f \u0161t\u00edtn\u00e9 \u017el\u00e1zy. P\u0159i pot\u0159eb\u011b organismu je thyreoglobulin \u0161t\u011bpen enzymy folikul\u00e1rn\u00edch bun\u011bk a jako thyroxin transportov\u00e1n do sinusoidn\u00edch kapil\u00e1r.",
"desc_en": "The colloid is composed of a protein secretion contain ing thyroglobulin, which is triiodothyronine or thyroxine bound to globulin. When needed, thyroglobulin is taken up by the follicular cell . It is converted into active thyroxine and transported in to the blood.",
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"txt_cz": "2. Folikul\u00e1rn\u00ed bu\u0148ka",
"txt_en": "Follicular cell",
"desc_cz": "Folikul\u00e1rn\u00ed bu\u0148ky p\u0159ech\u00e1z\u00ed od dla\u017edicov\u00e9ho tvaru do n\u00edzk\u00e9ho cylindrick\u00e9ho. Jejich velikost i ostatn\u00ed vlastnosti se m\u011bn\u00ed podle aktivity \u017el\u00e1zy (kontrolov\u00e1no TSH z adenohypof\u00fdzy). Bu\u0148ky spo\u010d\u00edvaj\u00ed na baz\u00e1ln\u00ed membr\u00e1n\u011b, jejich j\u00e1dro je obvykle kulat\u00e9 a centr\u00e1ln\u011b ulo\u017een\u00e9. V baz\u00e1ln\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti bun\u011bk je ulo\u017eeno bohat\u00e9 gER, nad j\u00e1drem se nal\u00e9zaj\u00ed Golgiho komplex, sekre\u010dn\u00ed granula, \u010detn\u00e9 fagosomy a lysozomy, apik\u00e1ln\u00ed povrch je \u010dlen\u011bn mikroklky. Tyto bu\u0148ky jsou zodpov\u011bdn\u00e9 za synt\u00e9zu a sekreci hormon\u016f tyroxinu a trijodtyroninu. ",
"desc_en": "Follicular cells are cuboidal or columnar, with round nuclei , and a well stained (eosinophilic) cytoplasm . Follicular cells uptake iodine from the blood and linke it to thyronine. They produce triiodothyronine and thyroxine, storing them in colloid in inactive form as thyroglobulin. When needed, thyroglobulin is taken up by the follicular cell enzymes . It is converted into active thyroxine and transferred in to the blood sinusoidal capillaries.",
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"txt_cz": "3. Parafolikul\u00e1rn\u00ed bu\u0148ka",
"txt_en": "Parafollicular cell",
"desc_cz": "Parafolikul\u00e1rn\u00ed bu\u0148ky, neboli C bu\u0148ky se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed mezi folikuly \u0161t\u00edtn\u00e9 \u017el\u00e1zy. Jsou v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed a sv\u011btlej\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e folikul\u00e1rn\u00ed bu\u0148ky. V t\u011bchto bu\u0148k\u00e1ch prob\u00edh\u00e1 synt\u00e9za kalcitoninu, co\u017e je antagonista parathormonu z p\u0159\u00ed\u0161titn\u00fdch t\u011bl\u00edsek. Kalcitonin podporuje ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00e1pn\u00edku do kost\u00ed a t\u00edm sni\u017euje jeho koncentraci v krvi.",
"desc_en": "Parafollicular cells or C cells are arranged individually or in small groups around follicles. They are larger and lighter than the follicular cells. These cells synthesize calcitonin, which is an antagonist of PTH from the parathyroid gland. Calcitonin lowers blood calcium and ensures deposition of calcium into the bones.",
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"txt_cz": "Adipocyt",
"txt_en": "Adipocyte",
"desc_cz": "Adipocyty tvo\u0159\u00ed tukovou tk\u00e1\u0148. Zde je vidno univakuol\u00e1rn\u00ed bu\u0148ku, to jest adipocit, je\u017e je vypln\u011bn jednou velkou tukovou kap\u00e9nkou. Bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 organely jsou touto tukovou kap\u00e9nkou zatla\u010deny po okraj adipocytu, to vysv\u011btluje zplo\u0161t\u011bl\u00fd tvar j\u00e1dra. Univakuol\u00e1rn\u00ed adipocyty vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed b\u00edlou tukovou tk\u00e1\u0148.",
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"txt_cz": "Fenestrovan\u00e9 kapil\u00e1ry",
"txt_en": "Capillary",
"desc_cz": " Kapil\u00e1ry s fenestrovan\u00fdm endotelem maj\u00ed strukturu st\u011bny, kter\u00e1 usnad\u0148uje v\u00fdm\u011bnu molekul p\u0159es endotel. Endotelov\u00e9 bu\u0148ky jsou prostoupeny \"okny\" fenestracemi (\u2300 cca 80 nm). Baz\u00e1ln\u00ed lamina je v\u0161ak souvisl\u00e1 a p\u0159ekr\u00fdv\u00e1 fenestrace. Tyto kapil\u00e1ry nach\u00e1z\u00edme hlavn\u011b v org\u00e1nech s rychlou v\u00fdm\u011bnou l\u00e1tek mezi tk\u00e1n\u011bmi a krv\u00ed (nap\u0159. ledviny, st\u0159evo, plexus choroideus a endokrinn\u00ed \u017el\u00e1zy)",
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"txt_cz": "Lymfatick\u00fd uzl\u00edk",
"txt_en": "Lymph nodule",
"desc_cz": "Lymfatick\u00fd uzl\u00edk se \u0159ad\u00ed do sekund\u00e1rn\u00ed lymfatick\u00e9 tk\u00e1n\u011b. Obsahuje v\u011bt\u0161inu vyv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00edch se B-lymfocyt\u016f, p\u0159\u00edtomny jsou tak\u00e9 \u010detn\u00e9 makrof\u00e1gy, kter\u00e9 odstra\u0148uj\u00ed nov\u011b formovan\u00e9 defektn\u00ed B-lymfocyty.",
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