Mikroskop:20078/annot
Z WikiSkript
[
{
"idx": "20078+",
"txt_cz": "1. Glandula parathyroidea",
"txt_en": "Parathyroid gland",
"desc_cz": "P\u0159\u00edstitn\u00e1 t\u011bl\u00edska jsou mal\u00e9 org\u00e1ny ulo\u017een\u00e9 na zadn\u00ed plo\u0161e \u0161t\u00edtn\u00e9 \u017el\u00e1zy, \u010dasto zano\u0159en\u00e9 do jej\u00edho parenchymu. V\u011bt\u0161inou b\u00fdvaj\u00ed 4, ale pro dostate\u010dnou funkci bez pot\u0159eby substitu\u010dn\u00ed terapie posta\u010d\u00ed zanech\u00e1n\u00ed p\u016flky jednoho t\u011bl\u00edska - nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159i extrakci strumy.",
"desc_en": "Double-p aired organs on the back surface of the thyroid gland, often embedded into the parenchyme of the thyroid gland. Hormonal substitution sufficiently provide d even by one half of the gland, which often happens after the goiter surgery.",
"insert_who": "IvaG",
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{
"idx": "20078+",
"txt_cz": "2. Glandula thyroidea",
"txt_en": "Thyroid gland",
"desc_cz": "\u0161t\u00edtnou \u017el\u00e1zu tvo\u0159\u00ed 2 laloky ulo\u017een\u00e9 v kr\u010dn\u00ed oblasti, v\u011bt\u0161inou spojen\u00e9 transverz\u00e1ln\u00edm m\u016fstkem (takzvan\u00fdm isthmem).",
"desc_en": "The thyroid gland consists of two lobes bridged by an isthmus.",
"insert_who": "IvaG",
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{
"idx": "20078+",
"txt_cz": "Artefici\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0161t\u011brbiny",
"txt_en": "Artefact",
"desc_cz": "Koloid ve folikulech se v\u011bt\u0161inou p\u0159i zal\u00e9v\u00e1n\u00ed tk\u00e1n\u00ed do parafinu p\u0159i rychl\u00e9m odvodn\u011bn\u00ed svra\u0161\u0165uje, a tak vznikaj\u00ed uvnit\u0159 koloidu v bl\u00edzkosti epitelov\u00e9 v\u00fdstelky tyto artifici\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0161t\u011brbiny.",
"desc_en": "This splitings formed within the follicle is an artefact from tissue processing - the colloid shrinks because the rapid dehydration necessary for embedding the tissue in parafin.",
"insert_who": "HynekJanac",
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},
{
"idx": "20078+",
"txt_cz": "Bu\u0148ky hlavn\u00ed",
"txt_en": "Chief (chromophobe) cells",
"desc_cz": "Jsou \u010detn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a sv\u011btlej\u0161\u00ed, ale men\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e bu\u0148ky oxyfiln\u00ed, maj\u00ed sv\u011btlou cytoplazmu. Tvar je polyedrick\u00fd, j\u00e1dro je kulovit\u00e9 s hrudkovit\u00fdm chromatinem. Tyto bu\u0148ky produkuj\u00ed parathormon.",
"desc_en": "Chief cells are the most numerous type. They are small er then oxyphilic cells and they have a lightly stained cytoplasm. Their nuclei are round and centrally placed . They p roduce PTH (parathormone).",
"insert_who": "IvaG",
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{
"idx": "20078+",
"txt_cz": "Capsula",
"txt_en": "Fibrous capsule",
"desc_cz": "Obaluje p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edtn\u00e1 t\u011bl\u00edska a vys\u00edl\u00e1 do jejich parenchymu \u010detn\u00e1 septa nesouc\u00ed c\u00e9vy.",
"desc_en": "The fibrous capsule sends septa e , which harbor blood vessels, into the parenchyme of the gland.",
"insert_who": "IvaG",
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},
{
"idx": "20078+",
"txt_cz": "Folikuly",
"txt_en": "Follicle",
"desc_cz": "Jsou to kulovit\u00e9 \u00fatvary vystlan\u00e9 jednovrstevn\u00fdm kubick\u00fdm epitelem. V\u00fdška epitelu m\u00f9že kol\u00edsat v z\u00e1vislosti na funk\u00e8n\u00edm stavu žl\u00e1zy, u hypofunk\u00e8n\u00ed žl\u00e1zy je epitel n\u00edzk\u00fd až ploch\u00fd, v hyperfunk\u00e8n\u00ed vysok\u00fd až cylindrick\u00fd. Uvnit\u00f8 folikulu se nach\u00e1z\u00ed koloid.",
"desc_en": "The thyroid gland consists almost entirely of follicles sep a rated by very little connective tissue. The follicles consist of simple cuboidal epithelium (of endodermal origin) surrounding a colloid material. The size of the follicles is variable ranging from about 50 \u00b5m to about 1 mm - in hypofunction the cells are low and flat, whereas in hyperfunction the cells are tall and cylindrical. These follicular cells take place in producing thyroid hormone (T4 - thyroxin ).",
"insert_who": "Gurka",
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{
"idx": "20078+",
"txt_cz": "Kapil\u00e1rn\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165 vn\u011b folikul\u016f",
"txt_en": "Capillary network outside follicle",
"desc_cz": "",
"desc_en": "",
"insert_who": "Gurka",
"marks": [
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},
{
"idx": "20078+",
"txt_cz": "Koloid",
"txt_en": "Colloid",
"desc_cz": "Koloid je glykoprotein (thyreoglobulin) tvo\u0159en\u00fd folikul\u00e1rn\u00edmi bu\u0148kami.",
"desc_en": "The colloid is the secretory product of the follicular cell consisting of glycoproteins (thyroglobulin).",
"insert_who": "IvaG",
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},
{
"idx": "20078+",
"txt_cz": "Multilokul\u00e1rn\u00ed adipocyt",
"txt_en": "Multilocular adipocyte",
"desc_cz": "",
"desc_en": "",
"insert_who": "Gurka",
"marks": [
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},
{
"idx": "20078+",
"txt_cz": "Oxyfiln\u00ed bu\u0148ky",
"txt_en": "Oxyphilic cell",
"desc_cz": "Nepo\u010detn\u00e9, v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e bu\u0148ky hlavn\u00ed, uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1ny ve skupin\u00e1ch. Maj\u00ed tmav\u00e9 j\u00e1dro a jemn\u011b granulovanou acidofiln\u00ed cytoplazmu. Jejich v\u00fdskyt je z\u00e1visl\u00fd na v\u011bku (cca do 7-10 let se nevyskytuj\u00ed, pak jejich po\u010det s v\u011bkem stoup\u00e1). Jejich funkce je prozat\u00edm nezn\u00e1m\u00e1.",
"desc_en": "Oxyphil cells are usually seen after the age of 7 and increase with age and they are not secretory . Their cytoplasm is strongly acidophilic and granular , the nucleus is small and more condensed. The eosinophilia and granularity is due to high amount of mitochondria. Their function is unknown .",
"insert_who": "IvaG",
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},
{
"idx": "20078+",
"txt_cz": "Parafolikul\u00e1rn\u00ed bu\u0148ka (C- bu\u0148ky)",
"txt_en": "Parafollicular cell",
"desc_cz": "Jsou uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1ny jednotliv\u011b nebo ve skupink\u00e1ch. Jsou v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed a sv\u011btlej\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e folikul\u00e1rn\u00ed bu\u0148ky. V t\u011bchto bu\u0148k\u00e1ch prob\u00edh\u00e1 synt\u00e9za kalcitoninu.",
"desc_en": "P arafollicular cells are part of the follicles. They are typically situated basally in the epithelium, without direct contact with the follicular colloid. They are always located within the basement membrane, which surrounds the entire follicle. These cells are the producers of calcitonin.",
"insert_who": "IvaG",
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{
"idx": "20078+",
"txt_cz": "Unilokul\u00e1rn\u00ed adipocyt",
"txt_en": "Unilocular adipocyte",
"desc_cz": "",
"desc_en": "",
"insert_who": "Gurka",
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