Mikroskop:20000/annot
Z WikiSkript
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"idx": "20000+",
"txt_cz": "*Mo\u010dovod",
"txt_en": "*Mo\u010dovod",
"desc_cz": "",
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"insert_who": "IvaG"
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{
"idx": "20000+",
"txt_cz": "0. Lumen",
"txt_en": "lumen",
"desc_cz": "Vnit\u0159n\u00ed dut\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st mo\u010dovodu.",
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"idx": "20000+",
"txt_cz": "1. Tunica mucosa",
"txt_en": "1. Tunica mucosa",
"desc_cz": "Tunica mucosa mo\u010dovodu je tvo\u0159ena lamina epithelialis (p\u0159echodn\u00fd epitel) a lamina propria mucosae. Ta je tvo\u0159ena z \u0159\u00eddk\u00e9ho kolagenn\u00edho vaziva s v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm zastoupen\u00edm elastick\u00fdch vl\u00e1ken. \n\nSliznice mo\u010dovodu tvo\u0159\u00ed \u0159asy, kter\u00e9 podmi\u0148uj\u00ed hv\u011bzdnicovit\u00fd tvar lumen.",
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"txt_cz": "1.1. P\u0159echodn\u00fd epitel",
"txt_en": "transitional epithelium",
"desc_cz": "P\u0159echodn\u00fd epitel, tak\u00e9 naz\u00fdvan urothel, je v\u00edcevrstevnat\u00fd epitel. Na jeho povrchu nalezneme tzv. umbrella cells, svrchn\u00ed p\u0159ekr\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed bu\u0148ky. Jeho v\u00fd\u0161ka je z\u00e1visl\u00e1 na n\u00e1plni org\u00e1nu. Urotel je pro vodu nepropustn\u00fd, mo\u010d tedy nem\u016f\u017ee prostoupit do okoln\u00ed tk\u00e1n\u011b. Nach\u00e1z\u00ed se v uretheru a mo\u010dov\u00e9m m\u011bch\u00fd\u0159i.\n",
"desc_en": "Transitional epithelium or urothelium is a stratified epithelium with umbrella cells in the surface layer. Located in the urethra and bladder.",
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"txt_cz": "1.2 Lamina propria mucosae",
"txt_en": "lamina propria mucosae",
"desc_cz": "Lamina propria mucosae je tenk\u00e1 vrstva \u0159\u00eddk\u00e9ho kolagenn\u00edho vaziva nach\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed se mezi urothelem a svalovou vrstvou. Je tvo\u0159ena \u0159\u00eddk\u00fdm kolagenn\u00edm vazivem bohat\u00fdm na elastick\u00e1 vl\u00e1kna. Ty spole\u010dn\u011b se z\u0159asen\u00edm zabezpe\u010duj\u00ed rozta\u017enost st\u011bny, krevn\u00ed a lymfatick\u00e9 c\u00e9vy.",
"desc_en": "A thin layer of loose connective tissue separating the urothelium and the muscle layer. It contains a great number of elastic fibres that help protect the integrity of the wall when urine is being passed, and some interspersed blood and lymphatic vessels. ",
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"idx": "20000+",
"txt_cz": "2. Tunica muscularis",
"txt_en": "2. Tunica muscularis",
"desc_cz": "Svalovina m\u00e1 v horn\u00edch dvou t\u0159etin\u00e1ch ureteru dv\u011b vrstvy vnit\u0159n\u00ed longitudin\u00e1ln\u00ed a zevn\u00ed cirkul\u00e1rn\u00ed. Zat\u00edm co v doln\u00ed t\u0159etin\u011b se je\u0161t\u011b zevn\u011b p\u0159ikl\u00e1d\u00e1 dal\u0161\u00ed londitudin\u00e1ln\u00ed vrstva (ureterov\u00e1 pochva, p\u0159ech\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed ze svaloviny mo\u010dov\u00e9ho m\u011bch\u00fd\u0159e). V doln\u00ed t\u0159etin\u011b ureteru tedy popisujeme t\u0159i vrstvy svaloviny.",
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"txt_cz": "2.1. Longitudin\u00e1ln\u00ed hladk\u00e1 svalovina",
"txt_en": "longitudinal smooth muscle",
"desc_cz": "Longitudin\u00e1ln\u011b ulo\u017een\u00e1 hladk\u00e1 svalovina p\u0159edstavuje vnit\u0159n\u00ed vrstvu tunica muscularis.",
"desc_en": "The muscle layer of the ureter is made out of three layers of smooth muscle: an inner longitudinal, an outer circular and an outermost longitudinal layer, where the ureters enter the bladder to help prevent urine reflux. The main function of this muscle layer is peristalsis: to propel the urine.",
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"txt_cz": "2.2. Cirkul\u00e1rn\u00ed hladk\u00e1 svalovina",
"txt_en": "circular smooth muscle",
"desc_cz": "Cirkul\u00e1rn\u011b uspo\u0159\u00e1dan\u00e1 vrstva hladk\u00e1 svalovina p\u0159edstavuje vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vrstvu tunica muscularis.",
"desc_en": "The muscle layer of the ureter is made out of three layers of smooth muscle: an inner longitudinal, an outer circular and an outermost longitudinal layer, where the ureters enter the bladder to help prevent urine reflux. The main function of this muscle layer is peristalsis: to propel the urine.",
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"txt_cz": "3. Tunica adventicia",
"txt_en": "adventitia",
"desc_cz": "Tunica adventitia je tvo\u0159ena \u0159\u00eddk\u00fdm kolagenn\u00edm vazivem, kter\u00e9 p\u0159ipojuje mo\u010dovod k okoln\u00edm tk\u00e1n\u00edm. Obsahuje krevn\u00ed (\u017elut\u011b) a lymfatick\u00e9 c\u00e9vy.",
"desc_en": "The adventitia is the outermost layer of the ureter composed of loose connective tissue with blood and lymphatic vessels.",
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"idx": "20000+",
"txt_cz": "de\u0161tn\u00edkovit\u00e9 bu\u0148ky",
"txt_en": "umbrella cells",
"desc_cz": "Nach\u00e1z\u00ed se v povrchov\u00e9 vrstv\u011b urotelu. Jejich cytoplasma je tmav\u0161\u00ed, jsou vz\u00e1jemn\u011b propojeny t\u011bsn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi zonula ocludens pro nepropustnost. ",
"desc_en": "Umbrella cells are located in the surface layer of the urothelium. Their cytoplasm is darker, they are interconnected by tighter zonula occludens for impermeability.",
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