Mikroskop:20053/annot
Z WikiSkript
[
{
"idx": "20053+",
"txt_cz": "0. Appendix vermiformis",
"txt_en": "Vermiform appendix",
"desc_cz": "Appendix vermiformiis vyr\u016fst\u00e1 ze slep\u00e9ho st\u0159eva (intestinum caecum). M\u00e1 zpravidla \u00fazk\u00e9 a nepravideln\u00e9 lumen. Do sliznice se zano\u0159uj\u00ed \u010dasto rudiment\u00e1rn\u00ed a m\u00e9n\u011b \u010detn\u00e9 krypty, kter\u00e9 jsou zatla\u010dov\u00e1ny lymfatick\u00fdmi uzl\u00edky.",
"desc_en": "It is a thin appendage of large intestine (Intestinum caecum) with a relatively narrow and irregular lumen. The mucosa is often penetrated by rudimentary Lieberk\u00fchn crypts.",
"insert_who": "Am\u00e1lie Rozenbaumov\u00e1"
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{
"idx": "20053+",
"txt_cz": "1. Tunica mucosa",
"txt_en": "1. Mucosa",
"desc_cz": "Tunica mucosa apendixu postr\u00e1d\u00e1 \u0159asy a klky. Skl\u00e1d\u00e1 semze t\u0159\u00ed vrstev laminy epithelialis (\u017elut\u00e9 \u0161ipky), laminy proprii mucosae (zelen\u00e9 \u0161ipky) a lamina muscularis mucosae (\u010derven\u00e9 \u0161ipky).\n\nLaminu epithelilalis p\u0159edstavuje jednovrstevn\u00fd cylindrick\u00fd epitel. Laminu propriu mucosae tvo\u0159\u00ed \u0159\u00eddk\u00e9 kolagenn\u00ed vazivo. obsahuje \u010detn\u00e9 lymfatick\u00e9 folikuly, kter\u00e9 prostupuj\u00ed tenkou lamina muscularis mucosae, tak\u017ee nen\u00ed z\u0159eteln\u00e9 odd\u011blen\u00ed tunica mucosa od tunica submucosa.\n",
"desc_en": "Mucosal folds and villi are absent. Lamina propria mucosae is abundant in lymph nodules which may continue into the submucosa, this making it hard to distinguish the boundary between the two layers (mucosa and submucosa)",
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"txt_cz": "2. Tunica submucosa",
"txt_en": "2. Tunica submucosa",
"desc_cz": "Tunica submucosa je tvo\u0159ena \u0159\u00eddk\u00fdm kolagenn\u00edm vazivem. Obsahuje krevn\u00ed c\u00e9vy a nervovou plete\u0148, plexus submucosus Meissneri.",
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"txt_cz": "3. Tunica muscularis",
"txt_en": "Tunica muscularis",
"desc_cz": "Tunica muscularis je dob\u0159e vyvinut\u00e1 vrstva hladk\u00e9 svaloviny. Obsahuje jak cirkul\u00e1rn\u00ed, tak longitudin\u00e1ln\u00ed slo\u017eku. Vnit\u0159n\u00ed vrstva svaloviny je cirkul\u00e1rn\u00ed, zat\u00edmco vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je longitudin\u00e1ln\u00ed. Nejsou zde vyvinuty taeniae, jako je tomu u zbytku tlust\u00e9ho st\u0159eva.",
"desc_en": "Well developed layer of smooth muscle, including both the inner circular and the outer longitudinal sublayers. Taeniae , which are present on the large intestine, are not identifiable at the appendix wall .",
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"txt_cz": "4. Tunica serosa",
"txt_en": "Serous membrane",
"desc_cz": "Tunica serosa kryje povrch \u010dervovit\u00e9ho v\u00fdb\u011b\u017eku, obecn\u011b tunica serosa kryje povrch tr\u00e1vic\u00ed trubici intraperitone\u00e1ln\u00edch org\u00e1n\u016f. Tvo\u0159\u00ed ji \u0159\u00eddk\u00e9 kolagenn\u00ed vazivo, obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed bun\u011bk pokryt\u00e9 mezotelem.",
"desc_en": "Serous membrane covers the surface of the appendix ; it is made up of loose, highly cellular connective tissue covered by mesothelium.",
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"txt_cz": "5. Lymfatick\u00fd folikul",
"txt_en": "Lymphatic nodule",
"desc_cz": "V lymfatick\u00e9m folikulu p\u0159evl\u00e1daj\u00ed B-lymfocyty. V agregovan\u00e9 podob\u011b tvo\u0159\u00ed tzv. Peyerovy plaky, co\u017e je typick\u00e9 hlavn\u011b v ileu a appendixu.",
"desc_en": "Aggregations of lymphatic nodules making up lymphatic tissue. There are often follicles containing paler germinal centres similar to the follicles of Peyers patches in the small intestine",
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"txt_cz": "5.1. Germinativn\u00ed centrum",
"txt_en": "Germinal center",
"desc_cz": "Germinativn\u00ed centrum lymfatick\u00e9ho folikulu obsahuje aktivovan\u00e9 vyv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00ed se B-lymfocyty po stimulaci T-lymfocyty, kter\u00e9 se setkaly s kompetentn\u00edm antigenem. Bu\u0148ky vykazuj\u00ed zv\u011bt\u0161en\u00ed objemu cytoplazmy a jemn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed chromatinovou strukturu j\u00e1dra, co\u017e podmi\u0148uje jeho sv\u011btlej\u0161\u00ed vzhled oproti pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165ov\u00e9 z\u00f3n\u011b.",
"desc_en": "Germinal centers contain stimulated B-lymphocytes which dediferentiated into lymphoblasts and are mitotically active and proliferating cells (centroblasts).",
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"txt_cz": "Jednotliv\u00e9 bu\u0148ky epitelu",
"txt_en": "Each cell of epithelium",
"desc_cz": "Enterocyt (\u010dern\u011b)\nPoh\u00e1rkov\u00e1 bu\u0148ka (\u010derven\u011b)",
"desc_en": "",
"insert_who": "IvaG",
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"txt_cz": "Lieberk\u00fchnovy krypty",
"txt_en": "Intestinal gland (crypt of Lieberk\u00fchn)",
"desc_cz": "Jsou vystl\u00e1ny jednovrstven\u00fdm cylindrick\u00fdm epitelem, kter\u00fd pokr\u00fdv\u00e1 i lumin\u00e1ln\u00ed povrch appendixu. Krypty jsou \u010dasto rudiment\u00e1rn\u00ed, jak co do d\u00e9lky, tak i do po\u010dtu. \n\nVe v\u00fdstelce krypt jsou (krom\u011b enterocyt\u016f) p\u0159\u00edtomny \u010detn\u00e9 poh\u00e1rkov\u00e9 bu\u0148ky.",
"desc_en": "The intestinal glands are lined with a single layer of columnar epithelium which covers the lumen of the appendix. The crypts are rudimentary developed, deeper than those in the small intestine , but shallower than the crypts in the large interstine . The columnar epithelium includes enterocytes, goblet cells and Paneth cells.",
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"txt_cz": "Plexus myentericus Auerbachi - ganglion",
"txt_en": "",
"desc_cz": "",
"desc_en": "",
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