Mikroskop:20074/annot
[
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"idx": "20074+",
"txt_cz": "1. V\u00edce\u0159ad\u00fd cylindrick\u00fd epitel s \u0159asinkami",
"txt_en": "Pseudostratified columnar cilliated epithelium",
"desc_cz": "Epitel d\u00fdchac\u00edch cest neboli v\u00edce\u0159ad\u00fd cylinrick\u00fd epitel s poh\u00e1dkov\u00fdmi bu\u0148kami a \u0159asinkami (zelen\u011b) vyst\u00fdl\u00e1 t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 celou d\u00fdchac\u00ed soustavu od cavum nasi po termin\u00e1ln\u00ed bronchioly. Tvo\u0159\u00ed ho \u0159asinkov\u00e9ho bu\u0148ky, poh\u00e1rkov\u00e9 bu\u0148ky, kart\u00e1\u010dov\u00e9 bu\u0148ky, bu\u0148ky s mal\u00fdmi granuly a baz\u00e1ln\u00ed bu\u0148ky.\n\n\u0158asinkov\u00e9 bu\u0148ky (\u017elut\u011b) jsou v epitelu nejpo\u010detn\u011bji zastoupen\u00e9. Pohyby \u0159asinek na jejich povrchu posouvaj\u00ed hlen. Poh\u00e1rkov\u00e9 bu\u0148ky (\u0161ed\u011b) syntetizuj\u00ed hlen, jejich po\u010det se zvy\u0161uje p\u0159i chronick\u00e9m dr\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed nosn\u00ed sliznice. Kart\u00e1\u010dov\u00e9 bu\u0148ky maj\u00ed na sv\u00e9m povrchu chemoreceptory. A baz\u00e1ln\u00ed bu\u0148ky (\u010derven\u011b) slou\u017e\u00ed jako kmenov\u00e9 bu\u0148ky, d\u00e1vaj\u00ed tedy za vznik v\u0161em druh\u016fm bun\u011bk epitelu.\n\n",
"desc_en": "Epithelium of conducting airway up to terminal bronchioli . Note basal bodies of cilia at the surfaces of cells .",
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"txt_cz": "1.1. P\u0159echod epitel\u016f",
"txt_en": "Transition of epithelium",
"desc_cz": "Bu\u0148ky se postupn\u011b m\u011bn\u00ed z epitelu d\u00fdchac\u00edch cest v epitel respira\u010dn\u00ed. Pov\u0161imn\u011bte si zm\u011bny tvaru z cylindrick\u00fdch bun\u011bk (vlevo naho\u0159e) v bu\u0148ky kubick\u00e9 (vpravo dole).",
"desc_en": "Epithelial cells transitioning from conducting to respiratory epithelium. Notice change of shape from columnar (top left) to cuboidal (bottom right)",
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"txt_cz": "2. Pneumocyt I. typu (respira\u010dn\u00ed pneumocyt)",
"txt_en": "pneumocyte type I. (respiratory pneumocyte)",
"desc_cz": "",
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"txt_cz": "2. Pneumocyt II. typu (sekre\u010dn\u00ed pmeumocyt)",
"txt_en": "Pneumocyte Type II. (Secretory pneumocyte)",
"desc_cz": "Pr\u00e1zdn\u00e9 b\u00edle te\u010dky v cytoplasm\u011b mohou b\u00fdt pseudogranula - pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b lamel\u00e1rn\u00ed t\u011bl\u00edska.",
"desc_en": "Empty white spots in cytoplasm are pseudogranules possibly of lamellar bodies",
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"txt_cz": "3. Termin\u00e1ln\u00ed bronchiolus",
"txt_en": "bronchiolus terminalis",
"desc_cz": "Termin\u00e1ln\u00ed bronchioly jsou posledn\u00edm \u00fasekem d\u00fdchac\u00edch cest. Jsou kryt\u00e9 kubick\u00fdm a\u017e cylindrick\u00fdm epitelem, kter\u00fd je slo\u017een p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm z kyjovit\u00fdch bun\u011bk. Kyjovit\u00e9 bu\u0148ky (\u017elut\u011b) obsahuj\u00ed sekre\u010dn\u00ed granula seceruj\u00edc\u00ed sufraktantov\u00e9 proteiny. Pod\u00edlej\u00ed se t\u00e9\u017e na detoxikaci vdechnut\u00fdch cizorod\u00fdch l\u00e1tek \u010di sekreci antimikrobi\u00e1ln\u00edch peptid\u016f. Stejn\u011b jako u epitelu d\u00fdchac\u00edch cest i zde se vyskytuj\u00ed kart\u00e1\u010dov\u00e9 bu\u0148ky (\u010derven\u011b) a bu\u0148ky syst\u00e9mu DNES.\n\nLamina propria obsahuje elastick\u00e1 vl\u00e1kna a bu\u0148ky hladk\u00e9 svaloviny (\u0161ed\u011b), kter\u00e9 zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed jej\u00ed z\u0159asen\u00ed. ",
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"txt_cz": "4. Respira\u010dn\u00ed bronchus",
"txt_en": "bronchus respiratori",
"desc_cz": "Respira\u010dn\u00ed bronchus vznik\u00e1 v\u011btven\u00edm termin\u00e1ln\u00edch bronch\u016f. Z jejich st\u011bn vystupuj\u00ed jednotliv\u00e9 vakovit\u00e9 alveoly, tvo\u0159\u00ed tak prvn\u00ed \u00fasek respira\u010dn\u00edho odd\u00edlu. Lamina propria obsahuje hladkou svalovinu, fibroblasty a elastick\u00e1 vl\u00e1kna.",
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"txt_cz": "5. Ductus alveolaris",
"txt_en": "Alveolar duct",
"desc_cz": "Ductus alveolares odstupuj\u00ed z dist\u00e1ln\u00edho konce respira\u010dn\u00edch bronch\u016f. Jejich st\u011bna je souvisle perforovan\u00e1 odstupy aleveol\u016f, je\u017e jsou obklopeny svazkem hladk\u00e9 svaloviny. Ductus alveolares jsou vystl\u00e1ny dla\u017edicov\u00fdmy bu\u0148kami. A jejich st\u011bna je zpevn\u011bna elastick\u00fdmi vl\u00e1kny a kolagenn\u00edmi vl\u00e1kny.",
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"txt_cz": "6. Alveolus",
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"txt_cz": "6.1. Sacculi alveolares",
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"txt_cz": "Clarovy bu\u0148ky",
"txt_en": "Clara cell",
"desc_cz": "Clarovy bu\u0148ky jsou sekre\u010dn\u00ed bu\u0148ky vyskytuj\u00edc\u00ed se v termin\u00e1ln\u00edch bronchiolech, kde nahrazuj\u00ed poh\u00e1rkov\u00e9 bu\u0148ky. ",
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"txt_cz": "Hladk\u00e1 svalovina ve st\u011bn\u011b bronchiolu",
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"desc_en": "",
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"txt_cz": "Koniof\u00e1g",
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"desc_en": "Macrophage with black granules = dust cell",
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"txt_cz": "Pleura visceralis",
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