Mikroskop:20137/annot
Z WikiSkript
[
{
"idx": "20137+",
"txt_cz": "*Oko",
"txt_en": "*Eye",
"desc_cz": "V\u00edce o histologii oka najdete zde",
"desc_en": "",
"insert_who": "IvaG"
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{
"idx": "20137+",
"txt_cz": "1. Tunica fibrosa bulbi",
"txt_en": "tunica fibrosa bulbi\n",
"desc_cz": "",
"desc_en": "",
"insert_who": "Am\u00e1lie Rozenbaumov\u00e1"
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"txt_cz": "1.1. Rohovka",
"txt_en": "Cornea",
"desc_cz": "Cornea je pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00edm sklery, se kterou tvo\u0159\u00ed tunicu fibrosu oka. Je bezc\u00e9vn\u00e1 a pr\u016fhledn\u00e1, kryje p\u0159edn\u00ed \u0161estinu o\u010dn\u00ed koule. M\u00edsto spojen\u00ed se sclerou (b\u011blima) naz\u00fdv\u00e1me limbus. Vzhledem k jej\u00edmu avaskul\u00e1rn\u00edmu charakteru, je vy\u017eivovan\u00e1 hlavn\u011b difuz\u00ed z komorov\u00e9 tekutiny v p\u0159edn\u00ed o\u010dn\u00ed komo\u0159e. Inervaci m\u00e1 naopak bohatou, je to jedna z nejcitliv\u011bj\u0161\u00edch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed t\u011bla. Dr\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00edm nerv\u016f vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1me rohovkov\u00fd reflex.\n\nCornea je slo\u017eena z 5 vrstev. Od ventr\u00e1ln\u00ed strany sm\u011brem dors\u00e1ln\u011b popisujeme: \n1) Epitel (vrstevnat\u00fd dla\u017edicov\u00fd, nerohov\u011bjc\u00ed) se svou baz\u00e1ln\u00ed membr\u00e1nou (\u010derven\u011b)\n2) Bowmanovu vrstvu (sv\u011btle \u0161ed\u00e9 \u0161ipky)\n3) Stroma (\u017elut\u011b)\n4) Descementovu membr\u00e1nu (\u0161ed\u011b)\n5) Endotel p\u0159edn\u00ed komory o\u010dn\u00ed (\u010dern\u011b)\n\nJe tak\u00e9 sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed optick\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu oka a jej\u00ed optick\u00e1 mohutnost je p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 43 D. P\u0159i po\u0161kozen\u00ed je rohovka schopna rychl\u00e9 regenerace.",
"desc_en": "The cornea and sclera compose the tunica fibrosa of the eyeball. The cornea is the avascular transparent tissue, covering the outside of the eye. The connection with the sclera is called the corneoscleral limbus and this is the place where stem cells for corneal epithelium reside. Given the lack of blood vessels, it is nourished by diffusion from the peripheral limbus and from the fluid of the anterior chamber. However, the cornea is innervated by numerous free nerve endings.\n\nThe cornea is composed of five layers: \n1) Stratified squamous nonkeratinizing epithelium with its basement membrane\n2) Bowman\u2019s layer (anterior basement membrane) \n3) Stroma (lamellar dense connective tissue)\n4) Descemet\u2019s membrane (posterior basement membrane) \n5) Endothelium of the anterior chamber of the eye.\n\nIt is also a part of the optical system of the eye and its optical power is about 43 D. The cornea regenerates quickly (turnover of cells is approximately 7 days), facilitating a fast recovery.",
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"txt_cz": "1.2. B\u011blima",
"txt_en": "Sclera",
"desc_cz": "Sclera je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed tunica fibrosa o\u010dn\u00edho bulbu. Je tvo\u0159ena hust\u00fdm kolagenn\u00edm vazivem s mal\u00fdm mno\u017estv\u00edm ploch\u00fdch fibrocyt\u016f a jemnou s\u00edt\u00ed elastick\u00fdch a retikul\u00e1rn\u00edch vl\u00e1ken. V bl\u00edzkosti c\u00e9vnatky nach\u00e1z\u00edme melanocyty tvo\u0159\u00edc\u00ed lamina fusca sclerae.\n\nDo sclery se up\u00ednaj\u00ed okohybn\u00e9 svaly. V zadn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed bulbu je ztlu\u0161t\u011bl\u00e1 a p\u0159id\u00e1v\u00e1 se k zevn\u00ed vazivov\u00e9 vrstv\u011b nervus opticus.",
"desc_en": "Together with cornea, it forms tunica fibrosa of the eye. \nIt is composed of dense connective tissue with type I collagen bundles and fibrils with elastic fibres interspersed in between. Fibroblasts are scattered along the fibres.\nThe sclera is pierced by blood vessels and nerves.",
"insert_who": "Am\u00e1lie Rozenbaumov\u00e1",
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"txt_cz": "3. Uvea - \u017eivnatka",
"txt_en": "Uvea",
"desc_cz": "Uvea neboli tunica vasculosa bulbi je st\u0159edn\u00ed vrstva oka. Je siln\u011b vaskularizov\u00e1na. Skl\u00e1d\u00e1 se z iris, corpus ciliare a choroidei.",
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"txt_cz": "3.1. Iris",
"txt_en": "Iris",
"desc_cz": "Duhovka je \u010d\u00e1st uvey (\u017eivnatky). Odd\u011bluje p\u0159edn\u00ed a zadn\u00ed o\u010dn\u00ed komoru. P\u0159edn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st duhovky (\u010derven\u011b) nen\u00ed pokryta epitelem, skl\u00e1d\u00e1 se z hust\u00e9 vrstvy fibroblast\u016f a melanocyt\u016f. St\u0159edn\u00ed vrstvy tvo\u0159\u00ed \u0159\u00eddk\u00e9 kolagenn\u00ed vazivo (\u0161ed\u011b). Spodn\u00ed vrstvu kryje dvouvrstevn\u00fd epitel (\u017elut\u011b), jeho\u017e bu\u0148ky jsou pln\u00e9 melanocyt\u016f. \n\nDuhovka obsahuje m. sphincer pupilae a m. dilatator pupilae.\n\nPodle mno\u017estv\u00ed pigmentu v p\u0159edn\u00edm listu je mo\u017en\u00e9 odli\u0161it barvu o\u010d\u00ed. P\u0159i n\u00edzk\u00e9 pigmentaci p\u0159edn\u00edho listu prosv\u00edt\u00e1 zadn\u00ed list, kter\u00fd je v\u00edce pigmentovan\u00fd a o\u010di se tak jev\u00ed v barv\u011b modr\u00e9 nebo \u0161ed\u00e9. U tmav\u00fdch o\u010d\u00ed,hn\u011bd\u00fdch a \u010dern\u00fdch, je pigmentu v p\u0159edn\u00edm listu v\u00edce. Existuje v\u0161ak vrozen\u00e1 vada - albinismus, kde je zadn\u00ed list pigmentaci postr\u00e1d\u00e1.",
"desc_en": "The iris is part of the uvea. The entire uvea is divided into three parts: the iris, ciliary body, and choroid body.\n\nIris separates the anterior and posterior chambers. The amount of pigment in the anterior sheet differentiates the colour of the eye. Grey or blue-coloured eyes have a low amount of pigment in the anterior sheets, while the pigment is concentrated in the posterior layer. Brown or black eyes have pigment highly concentrated in the anterior and posterior layers. Albinism is a birth defect where the sheets lack pigmentation.",
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"idx": "20137+",
"txt_cz": "3.1.1. Stroma duhovky",
"txt_en": "Stroma of the iris",
"desc_cz": "",
"desc_en": "",
"insert_who": "IvaG",
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"idx": "20137+",
"txt_cz": "3.2. Corpus ciliare",
"txt_en": "Ciliary body",
"desc_cz": "\u0158asnat\u00e9 t\u011bleso je za duhovkou dal\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st uvey dors\u00e1ln\u011b p\u0159ech\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed v c\u00e9vnatku. Zasahuje a\u017e do ora serrata to jest m\u00edsto, kde kon\u010d\u00ed pars optica retinae. \u0158asnat\u00e9 t\u011bleso je kryto dvouvrstev\u00fdm epitelem (\u017elut\u011b), jeho\u017e bu\u0148ky jsou p\u0159izp\u016fsobeny k sekreci komorov\u00e9 tekutiny.\n\nZ corpus ciliare vyb\u00edhaj\u00ed procesus ciliares, jejich\u017e hlavn\u00ed funkc\u00ed je produkce o\u010dn\u00ed komorov\u00e9 tekutiny. V \u0159asnat\u00e9m t\u011bl\u00edsku je patrn\u00fd m. ciliaris, kter\u00fd sv\u00fdm tahem m\u011bn\u00ed tvar \u010do\u010dky, je tedy d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd pro akomodaci.",
"desc_en": "Ciliary body extends from the root of the retina to ora serata. It has to layers - stroma and epithelium.\n\nStroma has two layers:\n\n1) Outer layer of smooth muscle cells which make up the ciliary muscle\n\n2) Inner vascular layer which extends into ciliary processes.",
"insert_who": "Am\u00e1lie Rozenbaumov\u00e1",
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"txt_cz": "3.3. Choroidea",
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"desc_cz": "C\u00e9vnatka je t\u0159et\u00ed, nejdors\u00e1ln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed uvey, nach\u00e1z\u00ed se od ora serrata dors\u00e1ln\u011b. Obsahuje p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm c\u00e9vy a dors\u00e1ln\u011bji vrstvu pigmentov\u00fdch bun\u011bk.",
"desc_en": "The choroid is a part of the uvea (the vascular middle layer of the eye). It contains blood vessels and a layer of pigmented cells located dorsally.",
"insert_who": "IvaG",
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"idx": "20137+",
"txt_cz": "4. S\u00edtnice",
"txt_en": "Retina",
"desc_cz": "S\u00edtnice (retina) se rozp\u00edn\u00e1 ve vnit\u0159n\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti bulbus oculi. Dors\u00e1ln\u011b nal\u00e9h\u00e1 na duhovku a \u0159asnat\u00e9 t\u011bleso. Zde m\u00e1 ale pouze dv\u011b vrstvy a je naz\u00fdv\u00e1na pars caeca retinae (postr\u00e1d\u00e1 fotoreceptory a nervov\u00e9 bu\u0148ky).\n\nOd ora serrata se rozprost\u00edr\u00e1 dors\u00e1ln\u011b jako pars optica retinae a\u017e k papila nervi optici ji\u017e desetivrstevn\u00e1 retina.",
"desc_en": "",
"insert_who": "IvaG",
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"txt_cz": "4.1. Vrstvy s\u00edtnice",
"txt_en": "Layers of ",
"desc_cz": "1. vrstva pigmentov\u00e9ho epitelu (\u017elut\u00e1 \u0161ipka) \n2. vrstva ty\u010dinek a \u010d\u00edpk\u016f (\u017elut\u00fd \u010dtvere\u010dek)\n3. membrana limitans externa (\u010derven\u00e1 \u0161ipka)\n4. vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed j\u00e1drov\u00e1 vrstva (\u010derven\u00fd \u010dtvere\u010dek)\n5. vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed plexiformn\u00ed vrstva (\u010dern\u00e1 \u0161ipka)\n6. vnit\u0159n\u00ed j\u00e1drov\u00e1 vrstva (\u010dern\u00fd \u010dtvere\u010dk)\n7. vnit\u0159n\u00ed plexiformn\u00ed vrstva (\u0161ed\u00e1 \u0161ipka)\n8. vrstva gangliov\u00fdch bun\u011bk (\u0161ed\u00fd \u010dtvere\u010dek) \n9. vrstva nervov\u00fdch vl\u00e1ken (zelen\u00e1 \u0161ipka)\n10. membrana limitans interna (zelen\u00fd \u010dtvere\u010dek)",
"desc_en": "",
"insert_who": "IvaG",
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"idx": "20137+",
"txt_cz": "Cili\u00e1rn\u00ed epitel",
"txt_en": "Ciliary epithelium",
"desc_cz": "Cili\u00e1rn\u00ed epitel produkuje komorovou vodu, kter\u00e1 dod\u00e1v\u00e1 kysl\u00edk, \u017eiviny a odv\u00e1d\u00ed odpadov\u00e9 l\u00e1tky z rohovky, proto\u017ee sama nem\u00e1 krevn\u00ed z\u00e1soben\u00ed.",
"desc_en": "The epithelium of the ciliary processes produces the eye fluid, known as aqueous humour, important for providing oxygen, nutrients, and metabolic waste removal to the lens and the cornea, which do not have their own blood supply.",
"insert_who": "KlaudiaKorviniova",
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"idx": "20137+",
"txt_cz": "Ciliary muscle",
"txt_en": "",
"desc_cz": "",
"desc_en": "",
"insert_who": "Gurka",
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"idx": "20137+",
"txt_cz": "Ciliary process",
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"desc_cz": "",
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"idx": "20137+",
"txt_cz": "Iridocorne\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fahel",
"txt_en": "Iridocorneal angle",
"desc_cz": "",
"desc_en": "",
"insert_who": "Gurka",
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"idx": "20137+",
"txt_cz": "Limbus",
"txt_en": "Corneal limbus",
"desc_cz": "M\u00edsto p\u0159echodu corney a sclery. Nach\u00e1zej\u00ed se zde kmenov\u00e9 buky epitelu. Jejich degenerace vede ke konjunktivalizaci (p\u0159er\u016fst\u00e1n\u00ed spojivkov\u00e9ho epitelu p\u0159es rohovku).",
"desc_en": "This is the junction between cornea and sclera and this is the place where stem cells for corneal epithelium reside.",
"insert_who": "KlaudiaKorviniova",
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"idx": "20137+",
"txt_cz": "Musculus dilatator pupillae",
"txt_en": "Dilator pupillae muscle",
"desc_cz": "",
"desc_en": "",
"insert_who": "Gurka",
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"idx": "20137+",
"txt_cz": "Musculus sphincter pupillae",
"txt_en": "Sphincter pupillae muscle",
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"desc_en": "",
"insert_who": "Gurka",
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},
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"idx": "20137+",
"txt_cz": "Pars iridica retinae",
"txt_en": "Iridial part of retina",
"desc_cz": "Pars iridica retinae je tvo\u0159ena dv\u011bma vrstvami (ve sv\u011bteln\u00e9m mikroskopu nerozli\u0161iteln\u00fdmi d\u00edky zna\u010dn\u00e9 pigmentaci):\n1) zadn\u00ed: vrstva pigmentov\u00e9ho epitelu\n2) p\u0159edn\u00ed: vrstva myoepitelov\u00fdch bun\u011bk, tvo\u0159\u00edc\u00ed musculus dilatator pupillae.",
"desc_en": "Iridial part of retina has two bordering layers between which are indistinguishable in LM due to the high degree of pigmentation:\n1) Posterior pigmented epithelium (its basal lamina faces the posterior chamber of the eye).\n2) Anterior myoepithelium. The anterior portion of myoepithelial contractile processes extend towards the stroma and collectively make the dilator pupillae muscle.",
"insert_who": "KlaudiaKorviniova",
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"idx": "20137+",
"txt_cz": "P\u0159edn\u00ed o\u010dn\u00ed komora",
"txt_en": "Anterior chamber of the eyeball",
"desc_cz": "Prostor mezi duhovkou a rohovkou. Komorov\u00e1 voda, kter\u00e1 ji vypl\u0148uje, zaji\u0161uje dif\u00fazn\u00ed v\u00fd\u017eivu pro rohovku. Perifern\u011b p\u0159ech\u00e1z\u00ed do iridokorne\u00e1ln\u00edho \u00fahlu.",
"desc_en": "The anterior chamber is the space between the iris and the cornea. Its aqueous humour provides nutrition for the cornea through diffusion. It drains peripherally into the iridocorneal angle, which is formed by the base of the iris attaching to the cornea and sclera.",
"insert_who": "KlaudiaKorviniova",
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"txt_cz": "Schlemm\u016fv kan\u00e1l",
"txt_en": "Schlemm\u2019s canal",
"desc_cz": "Slou\u017e\u00ed pro odtok komorov\u00e9 vody z p\u0159edn\u00ed o\u010dn\u00ed komory do venozn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu. P\u0159i jeho uzav\u0159en\u00ed se tekutina hromad\u00ed v p\u0159edn\u00ed o\u010dn\u00ed komo\u0159e a m\u016f\u017ee doj\u00edt ke vzniku glaukomu.",
"desc_en": "It is important for the outflow of aqueous humour from the anterior chamber into the venous system. If fluid accumulates in the anterior chamber it may arise glaucoma.",
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