Mikroskop:20143/annot
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"txt_cz": "1. Arterie svalov\u00e9ho typu",
"txt_en": "Mucsular type of artery",
"desc_cz": "Stavbu arterie svalov\u00e9ho typu maj\u00ed mal\u00e9 a st\u0159edn\u00ed arterie. Vid\u00edme zde v\u0161echny charakteristick\u00e9 znaky arterie svalov\u00e9ho typu: Je zde vidno vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a vnit\u0159n\u00ed elastickou membr\u00e1nu , tlustou tuniku mediu, u\u017e\u0161\u00ed lumen ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed se sdru\u017eenou v\u00e9nou. D\u00e1le je na prepar\u00e1tu patrno, \u017ee tunica adventitia nen\u00ed tak vyvinut\u00e1 ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed se sdru\u017eenou v\u00e9nou. ",
"desc_en": "Presence of all characteristics specific for the muscular type of artery: elastic membranes (inner and outer), thick tunica media, narrower lumen compared to the associated vein, tunica adventita is not that thick as in the associated vein.",
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"txt_cz": "1.1. Tunica intima",
"txt_en": "1.1. Tunica intima",
"desc_cz": "Tunica intima je u arteri\u00ed tvo\u0159ena vrstvou endotelov\u00fdch bun\u011bk a vrstvou subendotelov\u00e9ho vaziva. V tunice intimn\u011b u v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch art\u00e9ri\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e1 i membrana elastica interna.",
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"txt_cz": "1.1.1. Endotel",
"txt_en": "Endothelial layer",
"desc_cz": "Endotelov\u00e9 bu\u0148ky maj\u00ed polygon\u00e1ln\u00ed tvar a jsou prot\u00e1hl\u00e9 ve sm\u011bru osy c\u00e9vy. J\u00e1dra jsou ov\u00e1ln\u00e1 a maj\u00ed hrubou chromatinovou strukturu. Endotelov\u00e9 bu\u0148ky poch\u00e1zej\u00ed z angioblast\u016f krevn\u00edch ostruvk\u016f, kter\u00e9 vznikaj\u00ed z mezechymu. Endotelov\u00e9 bu\u0148ky reguluj\u00ed tonus krevn\u00ed c\u00e9vy a pr\u016ftok krve sekrec\u00ed faktor\u016f ovliv\u0148uj\u00edc\u00edch kontrakci hladk\u00e9 svaloviny.\n\nEndotel (nen\u00ed epitel) funguje jako polopropustn\u00e1 bari\u00e9ra mezi krv\u00ed a interstaci\u00e1ln\u00ed tk\u00e1\u0148ovou tekutinou. M\u00e1 antitrombogenn\u00ed povrch to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee se na n\u011bm nesr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed krev. Endotel kontruje a zprost\u0159edkov\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u00fdm\u011bnu molekul. Pr\u00e1v\u011b sprost\u0159edkov\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm v\u00fdm\u011bny molekul se pod\u00edl\u00ed na z\u00e1n\u011btliv\u00e9 a lok\u00e1ln\u00ed imunitn\u00ed odpov\u011bdi.",
"desc_en": "Endothelial cells cover the vessel from the inside and are in the direct contact with the blood flow. Those cells are the part of tunica intima and they have polygonal elongated shape oriented parallerly to the axis of the vessel (elongated in the direction of the bloodstream). They have the distinct oval nucleidue to the presence of hetrochromatin. They are supported by the basal membrane lying bellow.",
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"txt_cz": "1.2. Membrana elastica interna",
"txt_en": "Membrana elastica interna",
"desc_cz": "Membrana elastica interna se nach\u00e1z\u00ed na rozhran\u00ed tunica interna a tunica media. Je to typick\u00e1 fenestrovan\u00e1 membr\u00e1na pro arterii svalov\u00e9ho typu. Fenestrace umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed snadn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed difuzi l\u00e1tek z krve do hlub\u0161\u00edch vrstev st\u011bny arterie.",
"desc_en": "Internal elastic membrane is located between tunica intima and tunica media separatring those two layers. It is a typical fenestrated membrane of the arteries of the muscular type.",
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"txt_cz": "1.3. Tunica media",
"txt_en": "Tunica media",
"desc_cz": "Tunica media je nejsiln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vrstvou st\u011bny arteri\u00ed. Je slo\u017een\u00e1 z cirkul\u00e1rn\u011b uspo\u0159\u00e1dan\u00e9 vrstvy hladk\u00e9ho svalstva, ve kter\u00e9m se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed retikul\u00e1rn\u00ed a elastick\u00e1 vl\u00e1kna. Na synt\u00e9ze retikul\u00e1rn\u00edch a elastick\u00fdch vl\u00e1ken se pod\u00edlej\u00ed i bu\u0148ky hladk\u00e9 svaloviny (endomysium).",
"desc_en": "Tunica media is the thickest layer in the arteries of muscular type. It is made up of circularly arranged smooth muscle tissue with reticular and elastic fibres. The cells of this layer have elongated shape with distended dark stained nuclei. ",
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"txt_cz": "1.4. Membrana elastica externa",
"txt_en": "Memebrana elastica externa ",
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"txt_cz": "1.5. Tunica externa (adventitia)",
"txt_en": "Tunica externa (adventitia)",
"desc_cz": "Tunica adventitia je nejzevn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vrstva st\u011bny c\u00e9vy. Obsahuje kolagenn\u00ed vazivo a v n\u011bm pod\u00e9ln\u011b orientovan\u00e1 elastick\u00e1 vl\u00e1kna.",
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"txt_cz": "2. Vena b\u011b\u017en\u00e9ho typu",
"txt_en": "Vein of common type",
"desc_cz": "V\u00e9ny p\u0159iv\u00e1d\u00ed krev z mikrocirkula\u010dn\u00edho \u0159e\u010di\u0161t\u011b zp\u011bt k srdci. Krev je k srdci dov\u00e1d\u011bna za pomoci kontrakc\u00ed hladk\u00e9 svaloviny tunici medii a tlakem p\u0159ilehl\u00e9 kostern\u00ed svaloviny.\n\nNa prepar\u00e1tu vid\u00edme \u017e\u00edlu s v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm pr\u016fsvitem ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s p\u0159idru\u017eenou tepnou. Je zde patrn\u00e1 velmi tlust\u00e1 tunica adventita ve struktu\u0159e st\u011bny v\u00e9ny. Nejsou zde \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 elastick\u00e9 membr\u00e1ny odd\u011bluj\u00edc\u00ed vrstvy.",
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"txt_cz": "2.1. Tunica intima s endotelovou v\u00fdstelkou",
"txt_en": "Endothelial lining",
"desc_cz": "Endotelov\u00e9 bu\u0148ky maj\u00ed polygon\u00e1ln\u00ed tvar a jsou prot\u00e1hl\u00e9 ve sm\u011bru osy c\u00e9vy. J\u00e1dra jsou ov\u00e1ln\u00e1 a maj\u00ed hrubou chromatinovou strukturu. Endotelov\u00e9 bu\u0148ky poch\u00e1zej\u00ed z angioblast\u016f krevn\u00edch ostruvk\u016f, kter\u00e9 vznikaj\u00ed z mezechymu. Endotelov\u00e9 bu\u0148ky reguluj\u00ed tonus krevn\u00ed c\u00e9vy a pr\u016ftok krve sekrec\u00ed faktor\u016f ovliv\u0148uj\u00edc\u00edch kontrakci hladk\u00e9 svaloviny.\n\nEndotel (nen\u00ed epitel) funguje jako polopropustn\u00e1 bari\u00e9ra mezi krv\u00ed a interstaci\u00e1ln\u00ed tk\u00e1\u0148ovou tekutinou. M\u00e1 antitrombogenn\u00ed povrch to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee se na n\u011bm nesr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed krev. Endotel kontruje a zprost\u0159edkov\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u00fdm\u011bnu molekul. Pr\u00e1v\u011b sprost\u0159edkov\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm v\u00fdm\u011bny molekul se pod\u00edl\u00ed na z\u00e1n\u011btliv\u00e9 a lok\u00e1ln\u00ed imunitn\u00ed odpov\u011bdi.",
"desc_en": "Endothelium is composed of polygonal elongated endothelial cells with oval elongatred niclei stained darkly, due to the presence of heterochromatin. Those cells are elongated in the direction of the bloodflow.",
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"txt_cz": "2.2. Tunica media",
"txt_en": "Tunica media",
"desc_cz": "Tunica media u v\u00e9n je tvo\u0159ena \u0159\u00eddk\u00fdm kolagenn\u00edm vazivem, n\u011bkdy obsahuje cirkul\u00e1rn\u011b orientovan\u00e9 bu\u0148ky hladk\u00e9ho svalu. \n",
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