Mikroskop:20080/annot
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"idx": "20080+",
"txt_cz": "1. Endokard",
"txt_en": "1. Endocardium",
"desc_cz": "Endokard srde\u010dn\u00ed st\u011bny vyst\u00fdl\u00e1 v\u0161echny srde\u010dn\u00ed odd\u00edly. V s\u00edn\u00edch je siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, zat\u00edmco v komor\u00e1ch tvo\u0159\u00ed pouze tenkou vrstvi\u010dku. Plynule p\u0159ech\u00e1z\u00ed v tunicu intimu c\u00e9v. Skl\u00e1d\u00e1 se z endotelu na vnit\u0159n\u00edm povrchu, z subendotelov\u00e9 vrstvy \u0159\u00eddk\u00e9ho kolagenn\u00edho vaziva a elasticko - muskul\u00e1rn\u00ed vrstvy. \n\nElasticko-muskul\u00e1rn\u00ed vrstva obsahuje kolagenn\u00ed a elastick\u00e1 vl\u00e1kna mezi nimi\u017e jsou skupiny bun\u011bk hladk\u00e9 svaloviny. Endokard je k myokardu p\u0159ipojen subendokardov\u00fdm vazivem, ve kter\u00e9m se krom\u011b c\u00e9v a nerv\u016f nach\u00e1z\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b Purky\u0148ova vl\u00e1kna. Purky\u0148ova vl\u00e1kna jsou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed p\u0159evodn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu srde\u010dn\u00edho.",
"desc_en": "Endocardium covers all th e chambers of the heart and has different thickness in different areas . Endocardium is a little thicker in atrial region compared to the ventricle s' region.\n\n It c ontinuously changes in to the tunica intima of the vessels and consists of the endothelium on the inner surface, subendothelial layer of loose collagenous connective tissue and elastic - muscular layer.",
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"txt_cz": "1.1. Subendokardov\u00e9 vazivo",
"txt_en": "Subendothelial Connetive Tissue",
"desc_cz": "Subendokardov\u00e9 vazivo p\u0159ipojuje endokard k myokardu. Je tvo\u0159en \u0159\u00eddk\u00fdm kolagenn\u00edm vazivem, kter\u00e9 kon\u011b c\u00e9v a nervov\u00fdch vl\u00e1ken obsahuje je\u0161t\u011b Purky\u0148ova vl\u00e1kna. Ta jsou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed p\u0159evodn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu srde\u010dn\u00edho.",
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"txt_cz": "2. Myokard",
"txt_en": "2. Myokard",
"desc_cz": "Myokard se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 z kardiomyocyt\u016f spojen\u00fdch interkal\u00e1rn\u00edmi disky.",
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"idx": "20080+",
"txt_cz": "2.1. Kardiomyocyt",
"txt_en": "2.1. Cardiomyocyte",
"desc_cz": "Kardiomyocyty se \u010dasto v\u011btv\u00ed a spojuj\u00ed se se soudn\u00edmi kardiomyocyty pomoc\u00ed interkal\u00e1rn\u00edch disk\u016f. Interkal\u00e1rn\u00ed disk tvo\u0159\u00ed n\u011bkolik bun\u011b\u010dn\u00fdch pojen\u00ed a to fascia adherens, nexus a desmosom. Kardiomyocyty d\u00e1vaj\u00ed za vznik komplexn\u00ed s\u00edti, je\u017e zaji\u0161\u0165uje souhru cel\u00e9ho myokardu p\u0159i srde\u010dn\u00edm cyklu. Jejich j\u00e1dra b\u00fdvaj\u00ed centr\u00e1ln\u011b ulo\u017een\u00e1. Kardiomyocyty jsou baleny endomysiem s bohatou kapil\u00e1rn\u00ed s\u00edt\u00ed.",
"desc_en": "The myocardium is composed of heart muscle cells known as cardiomyocytes. These cardiomyocytes have a centrally located nucleus and are connected by i ntercalated disc s, which mainly consist of fascia e occludentes and adheren te s , gap junctions and desmosomes (maculae adherentes) .",
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"txt_cz": "3. Epikard",
"txt_en": "3. Epicardium",
"desc_cz": "Epikard je vazivov\u00e1 bl\u00e1na pokryt\u00e1 mezotelem. Je to viscer\u00e1ln\u00ed list serosn\u00ed bl\u00e1ny perikardov\u00e9 dutiny. Skl\u00e1d\u00e1 se ze t\u0159\u00ed slo\u017eek - mezotelu, vazivov\u011b-elastick\u00e9 vrstvy a subepikardov\u00e9ho vaziva. Mezotel je jednovrstevn\u00fd ploch\u00fd epitel. Vazivov\u011b-elastick\u00e1 vrstva je tenk\u00e1 vrstvi\u010dka \u0159\u00eddk\u00e9ho kolagenn\u00edho vaziva s v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm zastoupen\u00edm elastick\u00fdch vl\u00e1ken. Subepikardov\u00e9 vazivo p\u0159ipojuje epikard k myokardu a obsahuje tukov\u00e9 bu\u0148ky, koron\u00e1rn\u00ed c\u00e9vy a nervy.",
"desc_en": "Epicardium is a sac of fibrous tissue that surrounds the heart. It is a visceral layer of pericardiac cavity. Epicardium c onsists of three layers - the mesothelium , a layer of the connective tissue with higher amounts of e lastic fibers and the subendocardial connective tissue. Mesothelium is a simple squamous epithelium. Incidence of adipocytes is typical for the third sublayer of the epicardium.",
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"txt_cz": "3.1. Subepikardi\u00e1ln\u00ed vazivo",
"txt_en": "Subepicardial Connective Tissue",
"desc_cz": "Subepikardov\u00e9 vazivo p\u0159ipojuje epikard k myokardu. Je tvo\u0159en \u0159\u00eddk\u00fdm kolagenn\u00edm vazivem a obsahuje tukovou tk\u00e1\u0148, koron\u00e1rn\u00ed c\u00e9vy a nervy.",
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"txt_cz": "Adipocyty",
"txt_en": "Adipocytes",
"desc_cz": "Adipocyty tvo\u0159\u00ed tukovou tk\u00e1\u0148. Zde je vidno univakuol\u00e1rn\u00ed bu\u0148ku, to jest adipocit, je\u017e je vypln\u011bn jednou velkou tukovou kap\u00e9nkou. Bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 organely jsou touto tukovou kap\u00e9nkou zatla\u010deny po okraj adipocytu, to vysv\u011btluje zplo\u0161t\u011bl\u00fd tvar j\u00e1dra. Univakuol\u00e1rn\u00ed adipocyty vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed b\u00edlou tukovou tk\u00e1\u0148.",
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"txt_cz": "Arterie",
"txt_en": "Artery",
"desc_cz": "",
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"txt_cz": "Endotel",
"txt_en": "Endothelium",
"desc_cz": "Endotel vyst\u00fdl\u00e1 vnit\u0159n\u00ed povrch c\u00e9v. Endotelov\u00e9 bu\u0148ky maj\u00ed polygon\u00e1ln\u00ed tvar a jsou prot\u00e1hl\u00e9. J\u00e1dra jsou ov\u00e1ln\u00e1 a maj\u00ed hrubou chromatinovou strukturu. Endotelov\u00e9 bu\u0148ky poch\u00e1zej\u00ed z angioblast\u016f krevn\u00edch ostruvk\u016f, kter\u00e9 vznikaj\u00ed z mezechymu. Endotelov\u00e9 bu\u0148ky reguluj\u00ed tonus krevn\u00ed c\u00e9vy a pr\u016ftok krve sekrec\u00ed faktor\u016f ovliv\u0148uj\u00edc\u00edch kontrakci hladk\u00e9 svaloviny.\n\nEndotel (nen\u00ed epitel) funguje jako polopropustn\u00e1 bari\u00e9ra mezi krv\u00ed a interstaci\u00e1ln\u00ed tk\u00e1\u0148ovou tekutinou. M\u00e1 antitrombogenn\u00ed povrch to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee se na n\u011bm nesr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed krev. Endotel kontruje a zprost\u0159edkov\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u00fdm\u011bnu molekul. Pr\u00e1v\u011b sprost\u0159edkov\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm v\u00fdm\u011bny molekul se pod\u00edl\u00ed na z\u00e1n\u011btliv\u00e9 a lok\u00e1ln\u00ed imunitn\u00ed odpov\u011bdi.",
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"txt_cz": "Lipofuscin",
"txt_en": "lipofuschin",
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"txt_cz": "V\u00e9na",
"txt_en": "Vein",
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